https://phys.org/news/2019-08-scientists-thermal-profiles-nanoscale.html Contrary to all the expectations, the physics of thermodynamics have proven to be more difficult to work out than quantum mechanics and relativity. I always hated thermodynamics, which are an ugly mess of ad hoc mathematics and theories sort of smooshed together in a sad attempt to make more sense out of them. Relativity is elegant, quantum mechanics are incredibly vague and mind-bending, while thermodynamics are a disaster and just flat out ugly, because physicists insist everything must make sense. Relativity has the glaring Simultaneity Paradox, making it difficult for physicists to argue that a flat out contradiction makes sense, but they try anyway. Since we don't have any real theory or mathematics to explain thermodynamics, the subject has become a bastion for all those physicists still demanding that everything must make sense. Anywho, this is strange news on the thermodynamic front that is sure to make some physicists think of retiring early. I wouldn't bother posting it here, except this kind of thermodynamics is the focus of intense research into weapons and other technology, and related to AI and a theory of everything. Nanoscale features include the transistors on a computer chip, and being able to measure their thermodynamics means they can design the chips to be up to 100,000x more efficient and stack them right on top of each other by the hundreds.