Specific appetite, energetic and metabolomics responses to fat overfeeding in resistant-to-bodyweight-gain constitutional thinness N Germain Nutrition & Diabetes (2014) 4, e126; doi:10.1038/nutd.2014.17 Published online 14 July 2014 free pdf: http://www.nature.com/nutd/journal/v4/n7/full/nutd201417a.html From the paper: "The paradoxical gap between energy intake and energy expenditure found in CTs may raise questions on the accuracy of usual techniques of energy balance evaluation.48 While AEE measured by accelerometer did not change after overfeeding, the increase of total energy expenditure in CTs might be specifically underestimated, at least in terms of non-exercise activity thermogenesis,49 fidgeting50 and/or subclinical steatorrhea due to fat overfeeding.51 Further studies with calorimetric chambers or doubly labeled water tests could evaluate these parameters. Finally, CTs’ compliance to the dietary protocol might be questioned, especially as there is no reliable method to measure energy intake in human. However, food questionnaires even if controversial are widely used. Besides, several indirect markers such as lipid plasma levels were modified by overfeeding in CTs. A metabolomics trajectory52 was observed in both groups with significant changes in response to overfeeding (Figure 3a), suggesting that a dietary intervention was performed in both groups. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that CTs complied with the study protocol. Recent mathematical models proposed to predict weight gain/loss in response to dietary intervention53 should be used to test compliance in further studies."
